Milking-machine.



No. 673,297. Patented Apr. 30, I90I.

G. SIEMSGLSS G. DASEKINGL- 'lll-KING MACHINE. (Application mea Feb. 4,`1899.) (Ilo Modal.) 4 Sheets-Sheet I.

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No.' 673,297.' Patented Apr. su, mol.

G. SIEMSGLSS & G. DASEKING. MILKING MACHINE. (ppumion med rieb. 4,1899.) (No Modal.) 4 Sheen-Shout 2.

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No. 673,297. l Patenmd Apr. 30,1901. G., sli-:MsGLss e. a. DASEKING.

` MILKNG MACHINE.

'Application led Feb. 4, 1899.) (lo Model.)

4 Shan ts-Shaet 3.

No. 673,297. Patented Apr. 30, IQUI.

G.- SIEMSGLSS &. G. DASEKING. A i

l MILKING MACHINE.

(Application med Feb. 4, m99.) (No lodel.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

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UNITED STATES l PATENT OFFICE.

GEORG SIEMSGLSS AND GEORG DASEKING, OFHANOVER, GERMANY.

MlLKlNG-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 673,297,` dated April30, 1901.

v Application iled February 4, 1899. Serial No. 704,557. (No model.)

To all wfg/om it may concern.-

Be it known that we, GEORG SIEMSGLSS, merchant, of 17 Rterswordstrasse,and GEORG DASEKING, manufacturer, of 17 9 Celler Chaussee, Hanover,Germany, have invented an Improvementin Milking-Machines, of which thefollowing is a specification.

Vacuum milking machines and .apparatus are divided into two classes-viz.those which press the milk out and those which suck it out. There hasbeen, however, up to the present no practically useful example of eitherclass, and the reason is that milking is not a purely mechanicalprocess, but that a physiological stimulation-via7 the stimulation ofthe nerves-plays an important part in it, and this has been hithertooverlooked. The milk is formed in microscopically small vesicles, ofwhich groups, from three to five in number, are arranged around an openduct. These ducts open into larger ducts, which all empty themselvesinto the so-called milk-bag. From the milk-bag there is an outlet-duct,which is kept closed by dat constricting-muscles. It has been heldhitherto that the milk collected in the milk-bag is in consequence ofgravitation and that only the resistance which the constricting-musclesof the outlet-duct offered to the ow of milk was to be overcome; butthis is not so. The milk does not collect in the milk-bag from thenumerous side ducts in consequence of gravitation. This is, indeed,impossible, since the extreme branches of the Yduct system have openingsin the gland which are smaller than the transverse section of ahorsehair. In these narrow ducts capillary attraction and friction aremore powerful than gravitation. Accordingly it is only the milk which isin the proportionately rather large ducts which Hows into the milk-bagby gravitation, while, on the other hand, the larger quantity, which iscontained in the numerous minute ducts, cannot be brought down by meansof gravitation. This fact having been overlooked hitherto, allpreviously-known milking machines and apparatus Work so inefficientlythat, as was observed before, they are practically useless. In order toextract the milk from the minute ducts and to make it pass into thelarger ducts, nerve stimulation must be applied, which has the effect ofcompressing the minute ducts, and thus the milk is squeezed out fromthem. If the sensual nerves which are called into action for thispurpose are excited to a high degree, then the stimulation in the caseof a cow with not too strong constricting-muscles is so great that notonly is the milk from all the ducts pressed into the milk-bag, but aneffect is produced upon the gland which is stronger than the musclewhich constricts the outlet duct of the milkbag, so that the milk spurtsout. It follows, therefore, from these considerations that a cow must beput under the influence of sensual stimulation before she will yield thewhole of the milk contained in the gland. It must now be observed thatin the majority of cases this sensual stimulation is produced by up anddown friction on.the teat and by gently pressing and stroking the udder.

The new process of milking with the aid of apparatus is based upon theprinciples just enunciated. In it suction is only resorted to so far asis necessary to overcome the resistance of the constricting-muscles. Inorder to bring the milk first from the smallducts into the larger onesand into the milk-bag, the teats are moved up and down on a strokingapparatus, whereby the udder is at the same time lightly massaged, sothat in consequence of the sensual stimulation which is produced in thecow by means of stroking the teat the minute ducts are compressed andthe milk is squeezed from these into the larger ones and from thenceinto the milk-bag. Thus cows yield their milk freely and spontaneously.The up-and-down stroking movement of the teat and the massaging of theudder are brought about by means of a vacuum produced by an air-exhaustdevice A, of common form, and this with the assistance of a receptaclewhich consists of an inner and outer chamber so arranged that by meansof a system of valves both the inner and outer chamber are alternatelybrought into connection with the vacuum and the outer air, so that.

the teat is continuously moved up and down and subjected to friction byan apparatus applied to it.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical section of thevacuum apparatus in connection with the milk-tank. Fig. 2 is a verticalsection illustrating a modification IOO thereof. Fig. 3 is a section ofthe pressurecontrolling cock and its accessories. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 aresectional views showing the different positions of the regulating-cockduring the operation of the apparatus, as hereinafter explained. Fig. 7comprises two sectional views showing the ports of the regulatingcock intwo different positions. Fig. 8 represents in front and side view asuspending strap for the milk-tank. Figs. 9 and 10 are sectioual'viewsshowing in two different positions a regulating-cock of modiedconstruction. Fig. 1l is an elevation ofl the entire machine in positionfor use.

The receptacle C, Fig. l, consists of an inner chamber c" and an outerchamber m. The shell of the outer chamber mrestson the rim of the innerchamber c', together with the spiral spring c2, which has network c3overlying it. In the inner chamber c there are pendent rollers f or anindia-rubber mount f', Fig. 2, or some similar flexible contrivance isemployed which may be easily applied to the teat e and may exercisefrictional ini-luence upon it. Some of the parts of receptacle C aremade of thick rubber and are elastic, especially those which are incontact with the udder or the teats, respectively. Thus the whole wallof the udder-chamber, which is serrated in its upper inner portion,consists of rubber, and also the annular cushion above the rollers f.The rollers f themselves are made of hard rubber. The lower insertedpart of the chamber c consists, preferably', ofcelluloid.Theremainingpartsofthemilkreceptacle are made of sheet metal and steel.

The valve arrangementon the vacuum vessel B of the receiver B consistsof a double three-way cock g, of which the ways g' g2 are arranged atanangle of ninety degrees to each other. The way g' is in connection withthe receptacle-chamber c', in which the teat e hangs by means of thetube D. By turning the cock g ninety degrees this inner-'chamber c is bymeans of the way g at one time'placed in connection with the receivingvessel B and at another time with the outer air. v The second way g2 ofthe cock g, whichis arranged atan angle of ninety degrees to the firstwayV g', com rnunicates with the outer chamber m through the medium ofthe tube o. By turning the cock ninety degrees the outer chamber m isalso at one time connected with the receiving vessel B and at anothertime with t-he outer air. There is thus alternately lestablished in` theone chamber a vacuum and in the other the ordinary atmospheric preslsure. Upon turning the cock ga connection is established by means of theupper way g' between the receiver B, in which is a vacuum, and the innerchamber c', and a vacuum is likewise produced in the chamber c', inconsequence of which the teat e is drawn down into this chamber. In thisposition of the cock pipe o the outer chamber m is in connection withthe outer air. Through this connection of the way g with the receivingvessel B the teat is thus drawn downward between the rubbersforf,whereby they exercise frictional iniiuence upon it. If the cock g is nowturned ninety degrees, as in Figs. 4 and 5, the reverse 'process takesplace. The air is now drawn outfrom the outer chainberm by means of thepipe olinto the receiving vessel In consequence of this, part of theudder is, owing to the resulting vacuum, forced by suction tightlyagainst the rim of lthe chamber m,'and the teate also passes back, asthe part of the udder io which it is attached is firmly held, and thevacuum in :the inner chamber c is put an end to. When the teat eascends, it again rubs itself on the rubbers f or f. By continuing toturn the. cock g to and fro the teat c is also continuously andinstantaneously subjected to the friction of the rubbers fcrf., while.at the saine time the udder, against which the whole receptacle (inconsequence of the effect of the spring c2) is intermittently pressed,is massaged as a consequence of the up-and-d'own pressure. By this meansthe nerve stimulus mentioned above is induced, sethat the milk .fiowsout in a strong stream. As soon as the mitk begins vto iiowproperly thecock is no V.longer turned, except when theinnerfreceptacle vesselvc' isVfull of milk, `in order to draw it 0E into ythe receiving-vessel B. Themore the udder is emptied the slacker it becomes, and it passes moreandmore into the chamber c' and fills this up completely, so that attimes the teat is liable to be forced against `the lower wall ofthereceptacle, :whereby the ontlet-openi-ng of the .teat might beclosed. In order to avoid this, a pipe t is branched off from the pipeo, which leads to `the outer chamber m, which pipe is vin direct.connection with the receiving vessel B, from which it can be cut off bymeans of the cock s. In the port leading to the lower way g2, ywhichestablishes connection with the outer air, a cutting-off cock o" isarranged. If the nerve stimulus is now in operation and the Ymilk flowsstrongly and milking is going on, then the cock s is opened, whereby theou ter chambermis put into continuons connection with the receivingvessel B, and thus a continuous vacuum is produced in the chamber m. Thecock ris at the same timefclosed, so that the outer air cannot enter. Inthis way the portions of the,udder surrounding the teat e arel preventedfrom passing into the chamber c'. These portions of the udder aresurrounded by the massage-spring c2. Between this spring and the udder anetwork of felt or VWad ding or othervmaterial c3, permeable by air, islaid, which has a dou-.ble eect. In thetirst place it preventsthe. udderfrom. coming into contact with the cold spring and also-insures `thatthe suction-surface applied to every udder is sufficiently large-.tohold the udder tight and also that the udder-chamber is adjusted IOO IIC

IIS

to every udder, as is seen from what follows. Teats are of varioussizes, and the portions of udder surrounding the teats are of diiferentconformations. Every receptacle must suit all teats, while its size isrestricted to definite dimensions.` A receptacle must not be so largethat a very small udder would have no contact with it. On the otherhand, in the case of fiat udders, which therefore have a proportionatelypoor seat on Ithe spring c2, and therefore only aiford a smallsuctionsurface, the receptacle must be of such a kind that Athesuction-surface must also hold the udder fast. The portions of thesurface of the udder which lie against the wire of the spring are wastedfor suction purposes. Only the portions which lie between the coils aresubjected to suction. If the parts of the udder which lie upon the wirecould also be successfully used for suction purposes, then there wouldbe a receptacle with large enough suction-surface for all cases, so thatevery udder could be held fast. This effect is attained by a layer ofnetwork wadding, felt, &c. inserted between udder and spring. Theair-permeable layer is only in contact with the spring where the cordcomes, so that between the cords the udder is out of connection with thewire and is thus free, so that this surface is enough for suctionpurposes. The frequent openings in the network insure the adequate sizeof the suction-surface. Besides the network prevents the parts of theudder from being caught between the coils of the spring.

An apparatus is provided with several receptacles, so that more than onecow can be milked from more than one teat at the same time. Eachreceptacle is suspended by a belt G, of elastic material, which makes itpossible for a receptacle to be removed easily from one teat andtransferred to another, and which, further, in consequence of itselasticity, renders possible the massaging of the udder mentioned aboveby the receptacle, as the receptacle can be intermittently pressedagainst the udder. The belt G is provided with a small buckle K, onwhich there is a cord S. This buckle K is so shaped that it can beunfastened by pulling up the cord S, so that thus, if the cord ispulled, the belt G is separated, in consequence of which the receptaclefalls away from the teat. A man can thus, without being in contact withthe cow or the receptacle, at once remove the receptacle from the teat.The apparatus g can have any suitable arrangement which renders thewhole operation of milking possible by a simple up-and-down motion. InFigs. 9 and 10, for instance, a second design for this apparatus isgiven. Here the ways for the inner and outer receptacle chambers are inone plane of the cock g3, and consequently only one entrance isnecessary for the receiving vessel B. The cock g3 has two parallel bores1 and 2, as well as two bores at an angle, 3 and 4. In the position Fig.9 the inner receptacle-chamber c is in connection with the receivingvessel B through the bore 2. The milk flows in the direction of thearrow in way 2 through the cock into the receiving vessel B. On theother hand, the outer air has access to the outer receptacle-chamberthrough the angleway 3,and it passes through the cock in the directionof the arrow 3. In position Fig. lO the reverse is the case. l-Iere theouter receptacle-chamberis in connection with the receiving vessel B bymeans of the way C. The air passes from m in the direction of the arrowl to the receiving vessel B. The angle-way 2 is, on the otherhand,closed, and in this -position the angle-way 4.- is open, by meansof which the outer air passes into the inner receptacle vessel c.

The vacuum or suction hereinbefore referred to'may be produced by anexhaust apparatus or air-pump A, of common form. (See Fig. l1.) Theoperation is as follows: At the beginning of the milking operation theupper duct g of the cock g is connected with vacuum-receiver B. Thesmall air-cock r, which 'is arranged in the line of the lower duct g2of' cock g, is then Opened. By suitably turning the cock g intermittentsuction is produced in the chamber c of the milkreceptacle and pressurein the chamber m. At the same time jets of warm milk are thrown againstthe teat and warm airis forced through the chamber c by the pumpingmechanism described. The alternating sucking and pressing are .continueduntil it is noticed that the milk runs properly-i. e., in a strongstream. As soon as this is the case then turning of cock gis no longernecessary, but the air-cock r is closed, and then by opening the cocks acontinuous vacuum is produced in the chambers m and c to the outer air.The milk then runs continuously, and the duct g of cock g carries thesame into the vacuum-chamber B.

In another application, Serial No. 704,556, filed simultaneously withthis, we have described and claimed means for injecting moist warm airinto the chamber in which the teat is contained and throwing a jet ofmilk against the teat during the milking operation, also means forcontrolling the air-outlet from the vacuum-chamber, so as to preventoveriiow of milk through said outlet.

We claim- 1. The combination of the outer udderchamber m, innerteat-chamber c', vacuumchamber B and means for exhausting air therefrom,suitable controlling-cocks in the `exhaust connections, pipes D and o,connecting the vacuum-chamber with the teat-chamber and udder-chamberrespectively, and udder-massage device and teat-rubbers in the chambersfm and c respectively as shown and described to derive relative motionby atmospheric pressure in the operation of the apparatus.

2. The combination of the udder-chamber ber m, so that the udder closesthe two cham- IOO IIO

'm the udder-massage device c2 provided with an extended permeableCoating c3 and constructed substantially as shown and described toderive motion relatively to the udder by intermittent atmosphericpressure; and airexhausting apparatus, pipe connections andcontrolling-cocks in said connections to eect intermittent atmosphericpressure in said chamber as explained.

3. The combination ofthe vacuum-chamber B, means for exhausting airtherefrom, udder-chamber m, teat-chamber c', pipes D and 0 connectingthe vacuum-chamber With the teathehamber and udder chamber respectivelyand a controlling-cock e therefor with separate ports at differentangles, substantially as explained.

